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A test by Altroconsumo found that plant-based burgers often contain high levels of additives and salt, making them ultra-processed foods.
Plant-based burgers, usually made from legumes, are appreciated by vegetarians but also by those who want to vary their protein sources. They can be prepared at home or purchased as industrial products. When it comes to the latter, extra attention is needed in reading the label (ingredient list and nutrition table) to understand exactly what they contain.
An Altroconsumo test showed that, among the 14 industrial burgers analysed, there is often a presence of additives and sometimes high amounts of salt. These products are mainly based on soy, peas or wheat, to which oils (rapeseed, sunflower, coconut), vegetables, fibres and starches are added to provide structure, along with additives such as stabilisers, acidity regulators, antioxidants, flavourings and colourings to mimic the texture of meat and improve shelf life, taste and cooking performance.
The average energy content of the burgers analysed is about 190 kcal per 100 grams, but it ranges from a minimum of 113 kcal to a maximum of 291 kcal. Fat content also varies widely, from 2.9 to 19 grams per 100 grams, and quality depends on the oil used: products using only sunflower oil stay below 1 gram of saturated fat, while those with coconut oil or fat can reach 6.5 grams of saturated fat per 100 grams. As for salt, the test ranges from 0.75 grams per 100 grams to 1.9 grams, more than double.
Industrial plant-based burgers have not proven to be equivalent to meat. According to the test, they are lacking in iron and vitamin B12 (only 2 out of the 14 burgers analysed contained added B12). In terms of protein, some of the tested products showed significantly lower levels compared to meat burgers.
In 2022, the World Health Organization explained in a report that following a plant-based diet does not automatically mean eating healthily, highlighting that many industrial plant-based products can in fact be ultra-processed foods.
The advice, therefore, is to choose vegan products with simple formulations and include them in a varied and balanced diet.
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