The Iom has released its latest report on migration routes. Since 2014, 82,000 people have died, and while numbers are declining in Europe, the toll is worsening elsewhere.
Indonesia’s tobacco is harvested by children, whose health is at stake
Minori sfruttati da aziende locali e multinazionali del tabacco, con il beneplacito del governo. La denuncia di Human rights watch.
“Since I was a kid, I’ve been going to the fields. My parents plant tobacco. Mostly I help my parents and sometimes my neighbours,” said Ayu, a 13-year-old girl who live in a village near Garut, West Java. Ayu has got four siblings; two of them are older, two are younger, and all of them work on tobacco fields. “I’m always throwing up every time I’m harvesting,” she added.
This is just one of the 227 stories collected in Indonesia by Human Rights Watch and contained in the report The Harvest is in my Blood. Thousands of children and teenagers, aged 8 to 17, are employed in the supply chain of Indonesian companies and multinationals. Half the interviewed children report nausea, vomit, headache, and dizziness, which are symptoms of nicotine poisoning.
Child tobacco workers are being poisoned
“Tobacco companies are making money off the backs and the health of Indonesian child workers,” said Margaret Wurth, co-author of the report. Children are forced to handle toxic chemicals, use sharp tools, lift heavy loads, and endure extreme heat. Nicotine’s long-term effects haven’t been studied yet, but available researches show that the exposure to nicotine before the age of 18 can compromise brain development. Plus, pesticides and fertilizers are linked to respiratory and reproductive disorders, cancer, depression, and neurological deficits.
“Once I was vomiting. It was when it was planting time, and I didn’t use the mask, and the smell was so strong, I started throwing up,” said a 15-year-old worker in East Java. Indonesia is the world’s fifth producer of tobacco, after China, Brazil, India, and United States. Tobacco is mainly produced in the provinces of Central Java, East Java, and West Nusa Tenggara. The largest tobacco product manufacturers include three Indonesian companies and two others owned by British American Tobacco and Philip Morris International. Other Indonesian and multinational companies also purchase tobacco grown in Indonesia. According to international law, minors shouldn’t do harmful works, but the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that more than 1.5 million children, ages 10 to 17, work in agriculture in Indonesia.
Child harvesters in the United States
The children of Hispanic migrants, aged 11 to 12, work on tobacco fields in the United States. They live where tobacco is grown and primarily support their families during summer. Human Rights Watch has denounced child labour in the US in a report released in 2014.
Institutions’ hyprocrisy is unrestrained. “While US law prohibits the sale of tobacco products to children, children can legally work on tobacco farms in the US,” writes HRW.
Governments’ indifference
Jakarta bans selling tobacco to minors, but 4 million children aged 10 to 14 become smokers every year, and at least 239,000 children under 10 have started smoking. More than 40 million Indonesian children under 15 are exposed to second-hand smoke. While local companies and multinationals deny any responsibility, governments are not taking action. According to HRW, along with international law and state and regional regulations, new educational campaigns are needed for raising people’s awareness on the risks their own children go through. Indonesian farmers are not aware of the consequences of nicotine and chemicals in minors and are not properly trained for security measures. As it happens in many poor areas, they ask their children to go out of school to help support the family.
In the United States, Hispanic migrants work unsafely, pushed by their economic needs. In North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, which are the main producers of tobacco, children are paid unfairly, work strenuously under the sun and are provided with makeshift equipment.
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