We are destroying the 50,000 species we depend on. The Ipbes report on biodiversity
Environment — di Andrea Barolini
The new Ipbes report explains that human activities are threatening the biodiversity of the entire world, and with it our future.

The new Ipbes report explains that human activities are threatening the biodiversity of the entire world, and with it our future.
On Monday 11 July, the new Ipbes report was published — the United Nations' Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. The document was compiled by 82 scientists, drawing on a bibliography of no fewer than 13,000 references, including studies and local information sources. A four-year undertaking, it is considered the biodiversity equivalent of what the IPCC produces for the climate. And the findings it contains are alarming.
The Ipbes study states in no uncertain terms that a large part of humanity depends directly on the survival of 50,000 wild species. These are fundamental for food, for energy production, for obtaining materials, for the manufacture of medicines, for tourism and for other needs. In particular, according to Marla Emery, one of the report's authors, "70 per cent of the world's poor are directly dependent on them." Despite this, human activities continue to almost entirely ignore such scientific evidence.

Ipbes explains that the overexploitation of biodiversity affects 34 per cent of the world's fish species and currently endangers 1,341 wild mammals, as well as 12 per cent of tree species. Consider that the trade in wild species is the third largest illegal trade in the world, after human trafficking and drug trafficking: a business worth, according to various estimates, between 69 and 199 billion dollars a year. The biodiversity crisis has thus done nothing but intensify over recent decades, arriving at the point of directly threatening a wide variety of wild species, including plants, algae, fungi, and terrestrial and aquatic fauna.
In the face of this situation, Ipbes proposes a series of concrete, feasible and immediately effective solutions, such as reducing illegal fishing or eliminating harmful subsidies for the overexploitation of species. Furthermore, the group of experts recommends introducing certification schemes for the use of forest resources and imposing an equitable redistribution of revenues linked to the exploitation of biodiversity — particularly in favour of indigenous populations and with a view to greater respect for the balances of nature on the part of wealthier nations.
The scientists conclude their report by emphasising that "the illusion of a humanity that can exist separately from the rest of nature has led to extremely serious environmental crises, such as climate change and the very decline of biodiversity itself." There is a need to change course, and to do so immediately. The first opportunity to act will be the closing meeting of COP15, which will not be held in China as originally planned but from 5 to 17 December in Montreal, Canada.