Why energy costs in bills have skyrocketed

• The shortage of raw materials is pushing up energy and gas bill costs and disrupting global value chains.
• The Italian government's intervention was only able to contain the rise in energy costs.
• The reasons behind the increase are many and intertwined: geopolitical balances and continuity of supply, national energy mixes, extreme weather events, and the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.
• The crisis is being felt internationally: from the United States to China and across the European Union.
• At the most important forums, including Cop26, discussions are under way on the transition of the global energy system to cleaner, safer and more affordable energy sources.

On 26 October, European Union energy ministers held an extraordinary meeting to address the issue of rising energy bills. The urgency stems, first and foremost, from the increase in natural gas prices: the highest in the past ten years during non-winter months. For the minister for ecological transition Roberto Cingolani, it is necessary to tackle the price increases "in a coordinated and urgent manner at European level".

At European level, he added, it is important to intervene "not only on the effects of rising energy costs but also on the causes". The increase in energy prices highlights the need for a strong push on decarbonisation policies for the economy and on measures for renewable energy sources provided for in the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The reopening of economic and productive activities after the most intense wave of the Covid-19 pandemic revved up the engines of recovery (and not only those), but further pushed up the prices of raw materials and bills to never-before-seen figures. Let us try to understand how we got here.

The increases in electricity and gas bills from 1 October

From 1 October, households and small businesses that opted for the protected tariff regime are paying 29.8 per cent more for their electricity bills and 14.4 per cent more for their gas bills. This was established by the Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and the Environment, Arera, with its customary quarterly tariff update based on the production costs of electricity and natural gas.

The rise in bills is real, but it has been contained. At the end of September, the Council of Ministers approved a decree-law to cap the increase in costs during the last quarter of 2021 with 3 billion euros. The government's intervention averted estimated increases of over 40 and 30 per cent, respectively, for electricity and gas. 2.5 billion euros were allocated to zeroing out, for the next quarter, the general system charges, which represent support for renewable energy sources. The utility users who will see these charges reduced to zero number 31 million, of which 26 million are domestic users with connections of up to 16.5 kilowatts (kW) and 6 million are small and medium-sized enterprises.

The cut in VAT on gas to 5%

In addition to these measures, there is a cut in VAT to 5 per cent on gas consumption from now until next December, both for domestic users, for whom it previously stood at 10 per cent, and for industrial users, who were previously subject to 22 per cent. A further 500 million euros will boost the effectiveness of social bonuses for households in financial difficulty: 3 million families assisted by the electricity social bonus and 2.5 million by the gas bonus will not feel the impact of the price increases.

In general terms, Arera clarifies, the annual expenditure for the average household rises compared to 2020 by approximately 145 euros for electricity over the course of a year, for a total of 631 euros, and by 150 euros for gas, totalling 1,130 euros. As is well known, the total bill is made up of the cost of the raw material and other expenditure items such as energy transport and distribution and charges to fund electricity research.

The intervention to protect the most vulnerable

"The government's intervention, for which we provided the necessary technical support, softens the effects at a delicate stage of the recovery in order to protect the most vulnerable consumers," comments Arera president Stefano Besseghini in a press release. The work does not stop here. Also owing in part to the Covid-19 pandemic, Besseghini explains that the number of households and companies that "while being 'average', struggle to cope with everyday life" has grown. For this reason, the "work to exploit all opportunities for a structural reduction in energy costs" in bills must continue, the Arera president goes on to say. Prime Minister Mario Draghi has also recently stated that "these measures must be followed by action at European level to diversify energy supplies and strengthen the bargaining power of buyer countries".

Why energy costs in bills have skyrocketed

The unprecedented rise in the cost of raw materials, which began in spring and became acute over the past summer, affects Italy but involves, as mentioned, the entire European Union and reverberates across the international scene. Strong repercussions are also being felt in Spain, France and the United Kingdom. China has already announced that it will increase its domestic coal production by almost 6 per cent in order to tackle energy shortages. Specifically, as reported in the annual report from Arera, in Italy in 2020 net natural gas consumption fell by 4.2 per cent compared to the previous year, due to the halt in economic and productive activities. As a result, net imports fell by 6.6 per cent and domestic production by 15.4 per cent.

"Among the reasons for the surge in gas prices in Europe are a strong economic recovery following a long and cold winter that depleted stocks, tighter-than-expected gas supply and other factors related to weather conditions, including lower-than-usual availability of wind energy in recent weeks," explains the intergovernmental organisation International Energy Agency (IEA) in a recent press release.

"Broader global gas market dynamics have also had an effect, including periods of intense cold in East Asia and North America in the first quarter of this year followed by heatwaves in Asia and drought in various regions. Meanwhile, unforeseen outages and delayed maintenance have reduced liquefied natural gas production."

The imbalance between gas supply and demand

Among the reasons underlying the instability is therefore the sudden increase in global demand, corresponding to the resumption of energy-intensive economic and productive activities, against a backdrop of low gas supply — with stocks depleted as a result of the downtime periods last winter — and the difficulty of renewable sources in meeting that demand. In addition to the supply and demand imbalances caused by the pandemic, the situation has laid bare Italy's limited energy self-sufficiency.

"Today Europe relies too heavily on gas and is too dependent on its imports. This makes us vulnerable. The answer lies in diversifying suppliers. But also in maintaining natural gas as a transition fuel and, above all, in accelerating the transition to clean energy," declared the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, on 20 October last, speaking on the issue of high bills at the European Parliament plenary session in preparation for the European Council meeting (21 and 22 October).

Moscow, too, bears its share of responsibility: Russia, Italy's main supplier of natural gas, which supplies Europe with 43 per cent of its total, has "turned off the taps" and reduced exports. Gas storage levels in Europe are well below the five-year average: "Based on available information, Russia is fulfilling its long-term contracts with European counterparties – but its exports to Europe have fallen from 2019 levels," reports the IEA. It adds: "Russia could do more to increase the availability of gas in Europe and ensure that storage is at adequate levels ahead of the coming winter season," so as to represent a "reliable supplier for the European market."

A significant signal in this respect is Italy's decision to join the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (Boga), the alliance promoted by the governments of Denmark and Costa Rica during Cop26 in Glasgow to phase out domestic production and imports of oil and gas. As highlighted by Minister Cingolani during the announcement, the country's "great renewables plan" already envisages "70 billion watts over the next 9 years to reach 2030 with 70% clean electricity."

Another factor to take into account, albeit to a minor degree, is the prices of emissions certificates under the Emissions Trading System (Ets), the system for managing polluting emissions, which have contributed in part to the rise in gas prices and, as reported by Arera, to the rise in electricity prices as well.

\n\u003caside>\n\u003cspan>Leggi anche\u003c/span>\n\u003carticle>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cpicture>\n\u003cimg alt=\"cingolani-cop26\"/>\n\u003c/picture>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ca href=\"/litalia-chiede-lamicizia-alla-boga-lalleanza-per-mettere-fine-ai-combustibili-fossili\">\n\u003ch4>L'Italia chiede l'amicizia alla Boga, l'alleanza per mettere fine ai combustibili fossili\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/a>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another factor to take into account, albeit to a minor degree, is the prices of \u003cstrong>emissions certificates\u003c/strong> under the \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets_it\">Emissions Trading System (Ets)\u003c/a>, the system for managing polluting emissions, which have contributed in part to the rise in gas prices and, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.arera.it/it/com_stampa/21/210701.htm\">reported by Arera\u003c/a>, to the rise in electricity prices as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003c!-- partial-innerrelated-post.twig -->\n\u003caside>\n\u003cspan>Leggi anche\u003c/span>\n\u003carticle>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cpicture>\n\u003cimg alt=\"\"/>\n\u003c/picture>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ca href=\"/bollette-costo-co2\">\n\u003ch4>Quanto pesa davvero il costo della CO2 sul probabile aumento delle bollette\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/a>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The IEA also highlights the weight of climate change\u003cbr/>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The recent increases in global natural gas prices are the result of multiple factors and it is inaccurate and misleading to attribute the responsibility to the \u003cstrong>clean energy transition\u003c/strong>,\" stressed the agency's executive director \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjbtM3-x9nzAhXDzaQKHbs6B2UQFnoECAsQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea.org%2Fauthors%2Fdr-fatih-birol&usg=AOvVaw39_XXH9Nnr-H1p02KAf_7Z\">Fatih Birol\u003c/a> in the note. Indeed, the IEA does not rule out that in the future the European gas market \"could be subjected to further stress tests due to unforeseen disruptions and cold snaps,\" highlighting how heavily the effects of \u003ca href=\"/categoria/ambiente\">climate change\u003c/a> weigh on the balance and security of resource supply at an international scale. Gas, the agency continues, \"remains an important tool today for balancing electricity markets in many regions,\" but the transition to a net-zero emissions energy model \"will lead to a decline in its demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>It is not the fault of the energy transition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Here we go again,\" note the environmental organisations \u003cstrong>Greenpeace, Legambiente\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Wwf\u003c/strong> in a joint press release, \"faced with a problem, the tendency is to blame money spent on a just cause (in this case the price of CO2, in the past incentives for renewables) in order to throw up a smokescreen. This prevents us from understanding and addressing the \u003cstrong>international speculative dynamics on prices\u003c/strong> and on gas supply. But above all it overshadows the undoubted moderating role that renewables are playing on electricity bills, given that they allow us to limit gas imports.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c!-- partial-innerrelated-post.twig -->\n\u003caside>\n\u003cspan>Leggi anche\u003c/span>\n\u003carticle>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cpicture>\n\u003cimg alt=\"Gasdotto\"/>\n\u003c/picture>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003ca href=\"/italia-punta-gas-transizione-energetica\">\n\u003ch4>Italia e transizione energetica, oltre al gas c'è di più\u003c/h4>\n\u003c/a>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Today's situation is a reminder for governments, especially as we seek to accelerate clean energy transitions,\" underlined Birol. It highlights \"the importance of secure and affordable energy supplies – particularly for the most vulnerable people in our societies,\" so that \"the problems we see in gas and electricity markets today\" can be resolved by the transition to \u003cstrong>clean energy\u003c/strong> sources. The current scenario thus appears to have cast gas in a different light: rather than a \"bridge solution\" for the energy transition, as it is considered by many, it is a solution to be fairly integrated into the more complex equation of the energy transition.\u003c/p>\n","category":"energia","excerpt":"With the surge in gas costs, and the knock-on effect on bills, an extraordinary meeting of EU energy ministers was called.","first_seen_at":"2026-07-16T18:55:59.456036+00:00","id":"0ad8e51a731ddfbf","image":"/api/files/legacy/trans-alaska-pipeline.jpg","published_at":"2021-11-11T15:32:43+00:00","reading_time_min":10,"scraped_at":"2026-07-16T18:55:59.455883+00:00","slug":"costo-energia-bollette-cambiamenti-climatici","source":"lifegate.it/sitemap","tags":["Gas naturale","risparmio in bolletta","Transizione energetica"],"title":"Why energy costs in bills have skyrocketed","image_caption":"Trend in electricity and gas prices for household use in the EU as of 20 October 2021 © Eurostat","categories":["energia"],"embeds":[{"type":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/Montecitorio?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw","id":"","title":""},{"type":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/hashtag/bollette?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw","id":"","title":""},{"type":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Cdm?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw","id":"","title":""}],"wp_content_hash":5944041927730570908,"wp_id":288053,"sanitized_at":"2026-08-03T11:13:17.194835+00:00","source_lang":"it","tweet_fix_v1_at":"2026-08-06T17:39:27.025161+00:00","updated_at":"2026-08-06T17:39:27.025137+00:00","author_slug":"ivonne-carpinelli","embeds_upgraded_at":"2026-08-07T08:24:21Z","focus_keyword":"energia nelle bollette","seo_kw_fix_v1_at":"2026-08-08T08:28:52+00:00","links_rewritten_at":"2026-10-23T12:54:29.150315+00:00","ai_related":["3999fcb0-d2e0-4906-88c1-288fa014b7e0","d4651c28-a708-4b53-ac76-dab3a04ae928","2b04710ba743df29","ced5d396-28a8-4caa-a3fc-63c254311123"],"ai_questions":["Perché i prezzi del gas naturale sono così alti?","Cosa ha fatto il governo italiano per contenere i rincari?","Quali misure ha proposto l'UE per affrontare la crisi energetica?"],"ai_summary":"Dal primo ottobre 2021, le bollette di luce e gas sono aumentate rispettivamente del 29,8% e del 14,4% per famiglie e piccole imprese in regime di maggior tutela. Il rincaro è causato da fattori intrecciati: ripresa economica post-Covid, scarsità di materie prime, equilibri geopolitici e condizioni meteorologiche estreme. Il governo italiano e l'Unione europea cercano risposte coordinate, puntando sulla decarbonizzazione e sulle fonti rinnovabili.","ai_summary_generated_at":"2026-11-11T13:59:14.469411+00:00","ai_takeaways":["Dal 1° ottobre 2021, le bollette dell'energia elettrica sono aumentate del 29,8% e quelle del gas del 14,4% per i clienti in regime di maggior tutela.","La ripresa economica post-pandemia ha aumentato la domanda di materie prime, spingendo i prezzi dell'energia a livelli record degli ultimi dieci anni.","I ministri dell'Energia dell'UE si sono riuniti in via straordinaria il 26 ottobre 2021 per affrontare il caro bollette in modo coordinato a livello europeo.","La crisi energetica accelera la necessità di investire nelle fonti rinnovabili e nella decarbonizzazione, anche attraverso le misure previste dal PNRR."],"text_fp":{"preview":"89892a596731cdf7c472be2a220d013b18eeb15e","body":"f7dbe188ae6f856b33772997da837c8f4ff780e9"},"related":[{"wp_id":483724,"slug":"idroelettrico-robotica-pulizia-invasi-teti","title":"Idroelettrico, la robotica al servizio degli invasi con il progetto Teti","excerpt":"Nato su iniziativa di A2A, il progetto Teti consente di rimuovere i detriti dai fondali senza svuotare i bacini, rispondendo alle sfide del climate change.","embeds":[],"category":"energia","tags":[],"image":"/api/files/legacy/2026/09/a2a-teti-phpiercarloquecchia-dsc1992-low.jpg","image_caption":"Il progetto Teti è stato sperimentato nella diga di Cancano, in Valtellina © Piercarlo Quecchia","author":"Redazione","url":"https://www.lifegate.it/idroelettrico-robotica-pulizia-invasi-teti","source":"wordpress","source_lang":"it","published_at":"2026-09-25T08:02:26","wp_modified":"2026-09-25T09:22:49","reading_time_min":3,"author_slug":"redazione","wp_content_hash":"b8596902c758c7b070541d098f40c29165a9b855","scraped_at":"2026-10-21T15:00:19.486875+00:00","first_seen_at":"2026-09-30T14:14:58.424454+00:00","created_at":"2026-09-30T14:14:58.424454+00:00","status":"published","id":"eeb2d227-ba27-4755-be1d-e01f19b21961","ai_summary_generated_at":"2026-09-30T14:15:06.381284+00:00","focus_keyword":"progetto teti idroelettrico","seo_bulk_v1_at":"2026-09-30T15:07:55.937905+00:00","seo_description":"Il progetto Teti di A2A rimuove sedimenti dai bacini idroelettrici con la robotica, senza svuotarli. 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